Carlo Sidore

@article{olivieri_mitogenome_2017,

title = {Mitogenome Diversity in Sardinians: A Genetic Window onto an Island's Past},

author = {Anna Olivieri and Carlo Sidore and Alessandro Achilli and Andrea Angius and Cosimo Posth and Anja Furtw{ä}ngler and Stefania Brandini and Marco Rosario Capodiferro and Francesca Gandini and Magdalena Zoledziewska and Maristella Pitzalis and Andrea Maschio and Fabio Busonero and Luca Lai and Robin Skeates and Maria Giuseppina Gradoli and Jessica Beckett and Michele Marongiu and Vittorio Mazzarello and Patrizia Marongiu and Salvatore Rubino and Teresa Rito and Vincent Macaulay and Ornella Semino and Maria Pala and Gon{ç}alo R Abecasis and David Schlessinger and Eduardo Conde-Sousa and Pedro Soares and Martin B Richards and Francesco Cucca and Antonio Torroni},

doi = {10.1093/molbev/msx082},

issn = {1537-1719},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-01},

journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},

volume = {34},

number = {5},

pages = {1230--1239},

abstract = {Sardinians are öutliers" in the European genetic landscape and, according to paleogenomic nuclear data, the closest to early European Neolithic farmers. To learn more about their genetic ancestry, we analyzed 3,491 modern and 21 ancient mitogenomes from Sardinia. We observed that 78.4% of modern mitogenomes cluster into 89 haplogroups that most likely arose in situ. For each Sardinian-specific haplogroup (SSH), we also identified the upstream node in the phylogeny, from which non-Sardinian mitogenomes radiate. This provided minimum and maximum time estimates for the presence of each SSH on the island. In agreement with demographic evidence, almost all SSHs coalesce in the post-Nuragic, Nuragic and Neolithic-Copper Age periods. For some rare SSHs, however, we could not dismiss the possibility that they might have been on the island prior to the Neolithic, a scenario that would be in agreement with archeological evidence of a Mesolithic occupation of Sardinia.},

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}

@article{steri_overexpression_2017,

title = {Overexpression of the Cytokine BAFF and Autoimmunity Risk},

author = {Maristella Steri and Valeria Orrù and Laura M Idda and Maristella Pitzalis and Mauro Pala and Ilenia Zara and Carlo Sidore and Valeria Faà and Matteo Floris and Manila Deiana and Isadora Asunis and Eleonora Porcu and Antonella Mulas and Maria G Piras and Monia Lobina and Sandra Lai and Mara Marongiu and Valentina Serra and Michele Marongiu and Gabriella Sole and Fabio Busonero and Andrea Maschio and Roberto Cusano and Gianmauro Cuccuru and Francesca Deidda and Fausto Poddie and Gabriele Farina and Mariano Dei and Francesca Virdis and Stefania Olla and Maria A Satta and Mario Pani and Alessandro Delitala and Eleonora Cocco and Jessica Frau and Giancarlo Coghe and Lorena Lorefice and Giuseppe Fenu and Paola Ferrigno and Maria Ban and Nadia Barizzone and Maurizio Leone and Franca R Guerini and Matteo Piga and Davide Firinu and Ingrid Kockum and Izaura {Lima Bomfim} and Tomas Olsson and Lars Alfredsson and Ana Suarez and Patricia E Carreira and Maria J Castillo-Palma and Joseph H Marcus and Mauro Congia and Andrea Angius and Maurizio Melis and Antonio Gonzalez and Marta E {Alarc{ó}n Riquelme} and Berta M da Silva and Maurizio Marchini and Maria G Danieli and Stefano {Del Giacco} and Alessandro Mathieu and Antonello Pani and Stephen B Montgomery and Giulio Rosati and Jan Hillert and Stephen Sawcer and Sandra D'Alfonso and John A Todd and John Novembre and Gon{ç}alo R Abecasis and Michael B Whalen and Maria G Marrosu and Alessandra Meloni and Serena Sanna and Myriam Gorospe and David Schlessinger and Edoardo Fiorillo and Magdalena Zoledziewska and Francesco Cucca},

doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa1610528},

issn = {1533-4406},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},

volume = {376},

number = {17},

pages = {1615--1626},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genomewide association studies of autoimmune diseases have mapped hundreds of susceptibility regions in the genome. However, only for a few association signals has the causal gene been identified, and for even fewer have the causal variant and underlying mechanism been defined. Coincident associations of DNA variants affecting both the risk of autoimmune disease and quantitative immune variables provide an informative route to explore disease mechanisms and drug-targetable pathways. 

METHODS: Using case-control samples from Sardinia, Italy, we performed a genomewide association study in multiple sclerosis followed by TNFSF13B locus-specific association testing in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Extensive phenotyping of quantitative immune variables, sequence-based fine mapping, cross-population and cross-phenotype analyses, and gene-expression studies were used to identify the causal variant and elucidate its mechanism of action. Signatures of positive selection were also investigated. 

RESULTS: A variant in TNFSF13B, encoding the cytokine and drug target B-cell activating factor (BAFF), was associated with multiple sclerosis as well as SLE. The disease-risk allele was also associated with up-regulated humoral immunity through increased levels of soluble BAFF, B lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins. The causal variant was identified: an insertion-deletion variant, GCTGT→A (in which A is the risk allele), yielded a shorter transcript that escaped microRNA inhibition and increased production of soluble BAFF, which in turn up-regulated humoral immunity. Population genetic signatures indicated that this autoimmunity variant has been evolutionarily advantageous, most likely by augmenting resistance to malaria. 

CONCLUSIONS: A TNFSF13B variant was associated with multiple sclerosis and SLE, and its effects were clarified at the population, cellular, and molecular levels. (Funded by the Italian Foundation for Multiple Sclerosis and others.).},

note = {See Editorials, Korn T, Oukka M. A BAFFling Association between Malaria Resistance and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 27;376(17):1680-1681. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1700720.; Stohl W., Systemic lupus erythematosus: BAFF emerges from the genetic shadows. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Jun 15. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.99; Comabella M. Neuroimmunology: B cells and variant BAFF in autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017 Jun 16. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.87.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

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@article{das_next-generation_2016,

title = {Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods},

author = {Sayantan Das and Lukas Forer and Sebastian Sch{ö}nherr and Carlo Sidore and Adam E Locke and Alan Kwong and Scott I Vrieze and Emily Y Chew and Shawn Levy and Matt McGue and David Schlessinger and Dwight Stambolian and Po-Ru Loh and William G Iacono and Anand Swaroop and Laura J Scott and Francesco Cucca and Florian Kronenberg and Michael Boehnke and Gon{ç}alo R Abecasis and Christian Fuchsberger},

doi = {10.1038/ng.3656},

issn = {1546-1718},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-10-01},

journal = {Nature Genetics},

volume = {48},

number = {10},

pages = {1284--1287},

abstract = {Genotype imputation is a key component of genetic association studies, where it increases power, facilitates meta-analysis, and aids interpretation of signals. Genotype imputation is computationally demanding and, with current tools, typically requires access to a high-performance computing cluster and to a reference panel of sequenced genomes. Here we describe improvements to imputation machinery that reduce computational requirements by more than an order of magnitude with no loss of accuracy in comparison to standard imputation tools. We also describe a new web-based service for imputation that facilitates access to new reference panels and greatly improves user experience and productivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{sidore_genome_2015,

title = {Genome sequencing elucidates Sardinian genetic architecture and augments association analyses for lipid and blood inflammatory markers},

author = {Carlo Sidore and Fabio Busonero and Andrea Maschio and Eleonora Porcu and Silvia Naitza and Magdalena Zoledziewska and Antonella Mulas and Giorgio Pistis and Maristella Steri and Fabrice Danjou and Alan Kwong and Vicente Diego {Ortega Del Vecchyo} and Charleston W K Chiang and Jennifer Bragg-Gresham and Maristella Pitzalis and Ramaiah Nagaraja and Brendan Tarrier and Christine Brennan and Sergio Uzzau and Christian Fuchsberger and Rossano Atzeni and Frederic Reinier and Riccardo Berutti and Jie Huang and Nicholas J Timpson and Daniela Toniolo and Paolo Gasparini and Giovanni Malerba and George Dedoussis and Eleftheria Zeggini and Nicole Soranzo and Chris Jones and Robert Lyons and Andrea Angius and Hyun M Kang and John Novembre and Serena Sanna and David Schlessinger and Francesco Cucca and Gon{ç}alo R Abecasis},

doi = {10.1038/ng.3368},

issn = {1546-1718},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-01},

journal = {Nature Genetics},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {1272--1281},

abstract = {We report ∼17.6 million genetic variants from whole-genome sequencing of 2,120 Sardinians; 22% are absent from previous sequencing-based compilations and are enriched for predicted functional consequences. Furthermore, ∼76,000 variants common in our sample (frequency >5%) are rare elsewhere (<0.5% in the 1000 Genomes Project). We assessed the impact of these variants on circulating lipid levels and five inflammatory biomarkers. We observe 14 signals, including 2 major new loci, for lipid levels and 19 signals, including 2 new loci, for inflammatory markers. The new associations would have been missed in analyses based on 1000 Genomes Project data, underlining the advantages of large-scale sequencing in this founder population.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zoledziewska_height-reducing_2015,

title = {Height-reducing variants and selection for short stature in Sardinia},

author = {Magdalena Zoledziewska and Carlo Sidore and Charleston W K Chiang and Serena Sanna and Antonella Mulas and Maristella Steri and Fabio Busonero and Joseph H Marcus and Michele Marongiu and Andrea Maschio and Diego Ortega {Del Vecchyo} and Matteo Floris and Antonella Meloni and Alessandro Delitala and Maria Pina Concas and Federico Murgia and Ginevra Biino and Simona Vaccargiu and Ramaiah Nagaraja and Kirk E Lohmueller and UK10K Consortium and Nicholas J Timpson and Nicole Soranzo and Ioanna Tachmazidou and George Dedoussis and Eleftheria Zeggini and Understanding Society Scientific Group and Sergio Uzzau and Chris Jones and Robert Lyons and Andrea Angius and Gon{ç}alo R Abecasis and John Novembre and David Schlessinger and Francesco Cucca},

doi = {10.1038/ng.3403},

issn = {1546-1718},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-01},

journal = {Nature Genetics},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {1352--1356},

abstract = {We report sequencing-based whole-genome association analyses to evaluate the impact of rare and founder variants on stature in 6,307 individuals on the island of Sardinia. We identify two variants with large effects. One variant, which introduces a stop codon in the GHR gene, is relatively frequent in Sardinia (0.87% versus <0.01% elsewhere) and in the homozygous state causes Laron syndrome involving short stature. We find that this variant reduces height in heterozygotes by an average of 4.2 cm (-0.64 s.d.). The other variant, in the imprinted KCNQ1 gene (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 7.7% in Sardinia versus <1% elsewhere) reduces height by an average of 1.83 cm (-0.31 s.d.) when maternally inherited. Additionally, polygenic scores indicate that known height-decreasing alleles are at systematically higher frequencies in Sardinians than would be expected by genetic drift. The findings are consistent with selection for shorter stature in Sardinia and a suggestive human example of the proposed 'island effect' reducing the size of large mammals.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}